HPV: This abbreviation stands for human papilloma viruses. This group of viruses also includes types that can cause cancer and its precursors – for example, on the cervix. They are transmitted primarily through sex.

The good news: This cancer risk can be reduced through vaccination. But there are some myths circulating about it – check it out:

Myth 1: Only girls need the HPV vaccination

No, the Standing Committee on Vaccination (Stiko) recommends it not only for all girls aged 9 to 14, but also for all boys of this age.

HPV viruses are primarily associated with cervical cancer. However, they can also cause cancer in other places – such as the anus, penis or oral cavity, according to the Professional Association of Gynecologists (BVF). The viruses are therefore also an issue for boys and men.

Myth 2: The vaccination must have happened before the first sex

In the best case, yes, because then it offers the greatest possible protection. But that doesn’t mean that the train has left the station after that: “Not every sexual intercourse is necessarily accompanied by an HPV infection,” says Cornelia Hösemann from the BVF. “That’s why vaccination is sensible and recommended even after the first sexual intercourse.”

The BVF advises that young men and women who have missed vaccinations should catch up by their 18th birthday at the latest. Up until this point, statutory health insurance companies cover the costs. Good to know: From the age of 15, three – instead of two – shots are needed for complete vaccination protection.

But even those aged 18 and over may not have to pay the costs of around 480 euros out of their own pocket: According to the BVF, many health insurance companies cover the vaccination up to the 26th birthday.

Myth 3: HPV viruses won’t affect me

It is better not to rely on this. The Robert Koch Institute (RKI) refers to figures from the Center for Cancer Registry Data. According to this, around 6,250 women and around 1,600 men in Germany develop malignant tumors caused by HPV infections every year.

In addition, according to the RKI, tens of thousands of young women have to undergo a so-called conization every year due to an HPV-related precancerous condition. The term refers to a cone-shaped excision of the cervix, which is intended to prevent the development of a malignant tumor. Studies show that women have a higher risk of premature birth after such a procedure.